Topics:

• The Basic Search
• Spelling
• Synonyms
• Automatic "and" Queries
• "OR" Searches
• See Your Search Terms in the Results
• Does Capitalization Matter?
• Does Google Observe Stop Words?
• Does Google Use Stemming?
• Refining Your Search
• Excluding Words
• Phrase Searches
• Restricted Searches
• Advanced Operators

To enter a query, type in a few descriptive words and press the Enter key or click the Search button for a list of relevant results.

Google uses sophisticated text-matching techniques to find pages that are both important and relevant to your search. For instance, Google analyzes not only the candidate page, but also the pages linking into it to determine the value of the candidate page for your search. Google also prefers pages in which your query terms are near each other.

A single spelling suggestion is returned with the results for queries where the spell checker has detected a possible spelling mistake.

Note: Currently, the spell checker supports only US English.

Synonyms are other words that have the same or similar meanings. They are displayed as "You could also try" on the results page.

By default, Google only returns pages that include all of your search terms. There is no need to include "and" between terms. For example, to search for peanut butter candy, enter:

To broaden or restrict the search, include fewer or more terms.

Google supports the logical "OR" operator. To retrieve pages that include either word A or word B, use an uppercase "OR" between terms. For example, to search for gifts related to Kisses or Reese's, enter:

Every Google search result lists one or more excerpts from the web page to display how your search terms are used in context on that page. In the excerpt, your search terms are displayed in bold text so that you can quickly determine if that result is from a page you want to visit.

Google searches are not case sensitive. All letters, regardless of how you enter them, are understood as lower case. For example, searches for "milton hershey", "Milton Hershey" and "Milton hershey," all return the same results.

Google ignores common words and characters known as stop words. These include most pronouns and articles. Google automatically disregards such terms as "where" and "how," as well as certain single digits and single letters. These terms rarely help to narrow a search and can significantly slow searching. If you want to use stop words in your search, use the "+" sign or enclose your phrase containing stop words in quotation marks. Make sure that you include a space before the "+" sign.

For example, to search for what Milton Hershey did during World War I:

You can also include the "+" sign in phrase searches.

To provide the most accurate results, Google does not use "stemming" or support "wildcard" searches. Rather, Google searches for exactly the words that you enter into the search box.

For example, searching for "gif" or "gif*" will not yield "gift" or "gifts.". If in doubt, try both forms, for example: "gift" and "gifts."

Since Google only returns web pages that contain all of the words in your query, refining or narrowing your search is as simple as adding more words to the search terms you have already entered. The refined query returns a specific subset of the pages that were returned by your original broad query.

You can exclude a word from your search by putting a minus sign ("-") immediately in front of the term you want to exclude. Make sure you include a space before the minus sign.

For example, the search:

will return pages about Reese's that do not contain the word "recipe."

You can search for phrases by adding quotation marks. Words enclosed in double quotes ("like this") appear together in all returned documents. Phrase searches using quotation marks are useful when searching for famous sayings or specific names.

Certain characters serve as phrase connectors. Phrase connectors work like quotes because they join your search words in the same way double quotes join your search words. For example, the search:

is treated as a phrase search even though the search words are not enclosed in double quotes. Google recognizes hyphens, slashes, periods, equal signs, and apostrophes as phrase connectors.

You may also narrow searches by restricting queries in certain ways.

Restrict Type	Query Syntax	Example
to a given location on your site	allinurl; allintitle; inurl; intitle	allinurl:hersheygifts Reese's see Advanced Operators for details
to specific domains	site:	site:thehersheycompany.com see Advanced Operators for details
to specific file types like Excel spreadsheets, PDF docs, etc.	filetype:	filetype:pdf

Directory Restricting

To restrict the directories searched, enter a URL that drills down through the directory structure to the directories or files to be searched. For example, the query [hersheys.com/products/] restricts the search to everything at the products level. If the trailing slash is not included, as in [hersheys.com/products], then all subdirectories are also searched.

Google Search supports several advanced operators, which are query words with special functions. A list of the advanced operators with explanation are provided below.

site:
If you include [site:] in your query, the results are restricted to those websites in the given domain. For instance, [help site:www.hersheygifts.com] finds pages about help within www.hersheygiftscom. [help site:com] finds pages about help within .com URLs.

Note: There can be no space between the "site:" and the domain.

allintitle:
If you start a query with [allintitle:], the results are restricted to documents with all of the query words in the document's HTML title. For example, [allintitle: Reese's recipes] only returns documents that have both "Reese's" and "recipes" in the HTML title.

intitle:
If you include [intitle:] in your query, the search is restricted to results with documents containing that word in the HTML title. For example, [intitle:Reese's recipes] returns documents that mention the word "Reese's" in their HTML title, and mention the word "recipes" anywhere in the document either in the title or anywhere else in the document.

Note: There can be no space between the "intitle:" and the following word.

Putting [intitle:] in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting [allintitle:] at the front of your query. For example, [intitle:Reese's intitle:recipes] is the same as [allintitle: Reese's recipes].

allinurl:
If you start a query with [allinurl:], the search is restricted to results with all of the query words in the URL. For example, [allinurl: products kisses] returns only documents that have both "products" and "kisses" in the URL.

Note: [allinurl:] works on words, not URL components. In particular, it ignores punctuation. Thus, [allinurl: discover/milton] restricts the results to page with the words "discover" and "milton" in the URL, but doesn't require that they be separated by a slash within that URL, that they be adjacent, or that they be in that particular word order. There is currently no way to enforce these constraints.

inurl:
If you include [inurl:] in your query, the results are restricted to documents containing that word in the URL. For example, [inurl:products kisses] returns documents that mention the word "products" in their URL and mention the word "kisses" anywhere in the document either in the URL or anywhere else in the document.

Note: There can be no space between the "inurl:" and the following word.

Note: [inurl:] works on words, not URL components. In particular, it ignores punctuation. Thus, in the query [inurl:discover/milton], the inurl: operator affects only the word "discover," which is the single word following the inurl: operator, and does not affect the word "milton." The query [inurl:discover inurl:milton] can be used to require both "discover" and "milton" to be in the URL.

Putting [inurl:] in front of every word in your query is equivalent to putting [allinurl:] at the front of your query. For example, [inurl:products inurl:kisses] is the same as [allinurl: products kisses].